bigair.net http://www.bigair.net Thu, 14 Sep 2017 16:55:28 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=5.8.9 http://www.bigair.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/cropped-big-1-32x32.png bigair.net http://www.bigair.net 32 32 Karsten A. Rist – Curriculum Vitae http://www.bigair.net/archives/429 http://www.bigair.net/archives/429#respond Thu, 14 Sep 2017 16:50:50 +0000 http://www.bigair.net/?p=429 Karsten A. Rist
18014 S.W. 83rd Court
Miami, FL 33157
(305) 255-5275 (phone and fax)
e-mail: ristck@aol.com

Employment History
Retired 1997.
President and co-owner with Carol Rist of Kendall Plastics, 1980-1997.

Kendall Plastics is a manufacturer of injection molded plastic parts serving the medical equipment and electronic industries.

Systems Engineering Laboratories, Director of Data Services, 1969-1980.
ATO Corporation, Manager, Management Control Services, 1964-1968.

 

Civic Activities
President, Tropical Audubon Society, 1997 – present.
National Audubon Society, Conservationaist of the year award, 1992.
Chairman, Florida Audubon Society, 1992-1995.
President, Broward County Audubon Society, 1975-1978.

 

Public Service
Northwest Dade County Freshwater Lake Implementation Committee, 1992- present.
Dade County Environmental Task Force, 1994-present.
Homestead Air Force Base, Restoration Advisory Board, 1991-present.
Dade County Wellfield Policy Advisory Committee, 1984-1992.
Dade County Solid Waste Citizen’s Task Force, 1992.
Dade County Aviation Systems Plan Advisory Committee, 1985-1987.
Everglades National Park/East Everglades Resource Planning and Managemnt Committee, 1984-1985.

 

Education
Master of Business Administration, University of Michigan, 1960.
Degree in mining engineering (Diplom Ingenieur), University of Berlin, 1956.

 

Personal
Born in Ziegenhals, Germany, 1931.
Married to Carol Byrd Rist. Three grown sons. Two grandsons. (+1 grandson and +1 granddaughter after this was written)

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Albert Rist – Curriculum vitae http://www.bigair.net/archives/425 http://www.bigair.net/archives/425#respond Thu, 14 Sep 2017 16:39:07 +0000 http://www.bigair.net/?p=425 Albert Rist
Curriculum vitae

(Comments in italics are not Albert Rist’s words, but were added by the translator as explanations.)((So if you’re keeping score – This is written by my grandfather, translated from the original German by my father, and then posted by me…))

I was born in the rough November days of the year 1887 in Oelkofen (more accurately Ellkofen, derived from Elnkofen, which means outlying farm). The following day, November 17, I was baptized in the faith in the parish church in Hohentengen. I was later told that much fun was had at my christening. I grew up as the favorite of my mother and grandmother Briemle. My earliest recollection are the walks to see “Nana” (Grandmother), which I had to do with my younger siblings. In 1890 a farm burned down in our village. My eldest sister, Marie, took me on her arm, so that I could see the flames, which made an overwhelming impression on me. Often the little ones (Lina, Rosa and I) were in the care of my older sister Anna (later Sister Seraphina after she became a nun, died 1923 in Schellenberg near Berchtesgaden), who was told to take care of us. Once camels came through the village. When I saw the huge animals I ran into the stable and watched the “monsters” from there.

 

Farm children are always happy when they are allowed to go along to the fields. As soon as they can help, which they can do at age 6 or 7 when gathering potatoes, they are satisfied. Otherwise they are more trouble for the grown ups: Once I was allowed to ride on top of a wagon fully loaded with sheaves. When the wagon hit a bump in the road I was flung off and hit a rock, but was uninjured. Once a young farm worker put me on top of a young horse in the stable, which,

naturally, threw me off with a jerk. I liked to go to the Wasenried (peat meadow) and watch the cutting of the peat. Hansjoerg, who was doing the work was my best friend for many years. In 1894 I entered the village school. Because my sisters were good students, doing writing assignments for half the village, my older fellow students often came to our house in the evenings to “copy”. That was a lot of fun. At school all seven age groups were in the same class. I liked to listen when the “big kids” received instruction in mathematics, reading, religion and other subjects. I did not like going to school very much. I was not a friend of restraint and the school room: fields and woods, the expanse of the marshes (Danube marshes) and the solitude of the meadows on the Beerenberg were much more attractive to me. My father, however, wanted me to study. Liebhart, who was curate in Hohentengen, was supportive and offered to instruct me in Latin. At first I received instruction together with Alois Knittel in 1897. But he soon walked out because he felt the hard hand of the often irascible priest too often. I often felt sorry for “Wiese” (meadow) – as we called him – when Liebhart beat him up without mercy. Later he was often very rough toward me. In the fall of 1899 I was sent to Latin school in Riedlingen. It was truly a pugilistic institution but we learned Latin, Greek and mathematics. Joseph Maier, (called “Maierseppl from the Burg“) one year older than I,  from Hagelsburg, was in the same class. But he soon left because he felt homesick and could not bear the severe treatment. Several farm boys left for the same reasons. Those who persevered in Riedlingen had an advantage in the upper grades and had no problems up to high school graduation. I lived with the pewter caster Sturm on the Bahnhofstrasse  (railway station street). Sturm sold his house in town and moved in to a former factory which had gone belly up. I experienced how the skilled but somewhat headstrong master craftsman – of the old school – had difficulty adapting to changing times, his business declined, people preferred the cheap mass produced articles to the neat craftsman’s products. Sturm suffered much from this – he was unhappy with God and the world. The food was good but not plentiful. Every morning at 7:00 o’clock we first had to go to church, then to school until noon. Afternoons there was school again from 1:00PM or 2:00PM until 4:00PM or 5:00PM. After the vacations I disliked returning to Riedlingen and I often looked with longing for the church steeple of Hohentengen, which greeted you from the south through the Danube valley at a distance of 16 kilometers.

 

In 1903 I went to Rottweil a.N. (on the Nahe river) to high school. I stayed at the students’ home

(Collegium Sancti Aloysii). In Rottweil I saw again some of my old school mates from Riedlingen. I did not find the almost monastic discipline difficult. The accommodations in bright, large sleeping quarters was good, the food hardy and ample. The treatment of the “big ones” starting with the seventh class was lenient. I often wished that the prefect or director would have been a little more strict and responsible. Fewer things would have happened. I liked Rottweil better than Riedlingen. I could breathe more freely in spite of the students’ home. I gained a better understanding of the subjects of the school. In mathematics I soon advanced sufficiently to be able to help my classmates. In the eighth class I tutored one of them with modest success. This work probably helped me more than my student. I gained a certainty in mathematics which has helped me ever since. I learned that those problems which you have to solve to master the subject in context really foster deeper understanding. In the “Kasten” (box), as we called our school, I also met a student who was reading critical commentaries on religion.

In the context of such reading and the unintelligible presentations of “Goi” our religion teacher I developed serious doubts in the catholic dogma and the entire Christian teaching. Unfortunately I did not have access to writings in religious history. I would have really been interested in such reading because history was my favorite subject. I often took walks by myself into the close and far surrounding of Rottweil because I did not like the common though prohibited beer bashes. In general I was not very tolerant of either alcohol or nicotine. Often I would go into the park instead of church and read “Faust” instead of the prayer book. The inner hypocrisy of my fellow students – in church pious and drunk at noon – repelled me. For these reasons I surely heard and felt this or that, but I was physically strong enough, to hold my own.

 

During the vacations I helped at home. I felt sadness to see the rift ever widening between the simple people of my home and myself. My sisters stayed strongly connected to the church as they had always been – but I drifted away more and more. I did not have a clear vision of my future because I did not know whether or not I could somehow ever get the money to go to a university. I definitely did not want to be a Catholic priest. This would have been the hope of Liebhart, Lina and my father.

 

After I put my high school graduation behind me in July 1907 I immediately volunteered for one year in Munich with Royal Bavarian Infantry Regiment 1. I left home early on September 30. I arrived in Munich about noon. I soon felt how awkward and clumsy I was in spite of high school and graduation. We had strict recruit training. I did not mind it. I did not develop a good feel for the big city and its life. On free Sundays I generally visited museums and collections. Evenings I went to the theater or the movies. I did not like the beer joints in spite of the Munich beer and white sausage. I was not able to get into the mountains lacking money and equipment. I did sign up for mathematics and physics at the technical university but managed only once to attend a lecture. When I did I realized that I understood nothing, absolutely nothing. Mathematics was being taught at a very high level. I did not have a connection from my schooling. Only later did I realize what I was missing. Since I had worries about money in addition I looked for a way out of my confinement. I thought of the colonies and America but it would not have been right to leave my family stuck. They were more confined than I was. Marie had not gotten married and my father had grown to be

quarrelsome, aimless, dissolute and wasteful. After finishing my service I worked for a time as a substitute teacher at a preparatory school. When I returned home for the funeral of my sister in 1908 I realized how everything had deteriorated. I was unable to change things because farming was depressed. Equipment and labor was expensive, grain and cattle were cheap. It is nonsense when people praise the time before 1914 as the golden time.  It was an insincere, liberal and material time. Money was all that counted. On the one side status swagger and arrogance, on the other side poverty and desperation in the villages and factories.

 

Liebhart offered me the funds to attend a university without preconditions. I leveled with him and told him that I wanted to study mathematics. First I attended the university at Freiburg. I paid heavy dues. In my first semester I was not able to warm up to my subjects. No advice. What to select, how to get started, for which exam? In those days Baden had a surplus of students. The future chancellor Wirth could be seen frequently at the mathematics club of which I was a member. He treated us younger members in a paternal way and frequently admonished us to set a target. Finally it became clear to me that for my profession the South was more than filled and that I would not be able to last through a waiting period. Liebhart was not going to advance that much money. For this reason I switched to Strassburg to prepare myself for the state exams in Prussia and a quick move into a job. In Strassburg I did not join any clubs – nothing – my single contact was Theo Seidel – now a pysician in Muehlhausen in Alsace – I spent my time in the university. On Sundays we would take walks in the Vogesen. In spring 1911, I applied for the state exam and passed in July. I was not satisfied. Professor Sapper with whom I had a little more contact because of earth sciences – would probably have accepted me as an assistant, but what to live on, and to go begging was not my style. So I completed the practice “B” in Neuburg on the Danube and started looking for a private school east of the Elbe river because they needed mathematicians. I do not remember who pointed me to the vacancy in Schwarz’ school. I applied for several positions. Among others at the Institute for Higher Learning of Butter. I had just returned from the fall maneuvers in 1911 when a telegram from director Butter reached me in Oelkofen. I accepted immediately and traveled to Hirschberg a few days later. At home a few things had straightened out. Maria married in 1909 and moved to Rosswangen. Rosa married 1910 at home. By ruthless action I was able to neutralize my father and transfer the farm to Rosa and her groom. So I felt a little less burdened as I arrived in Hirschberg.

Teaching gave me as little difficulty as keeping discipline. Since I was the only employee who had  finished the exams I realized quickly that I should be able to move ahead. I stayed in contact with the opening in Schwarz’ school and sent applications to Smyrna and Rio de Janeiro. Exceeding my expectations I soon received a telegram in response. I was embarrassed to accept the position because Butter had treated me gentlemanly. We found common ground and I could leave in peace. As a goodbye present the girls of the institute gave me pictures of the Riesengebirge, Gertrud Bahr gave me a picture of the Ziegenruecken (literally “Goats Back”), that was the first present I ever received from Mutti (the name we called our mother).  

 

During the Christmas days of 1911, I traveled through Vienna, Belgrade and Constantinople to Smyrna. On New years day, 1912, I arrived. I enjoyed the new impressions and felt more free abroad than at home. The school was a remarkably pedantic outfit, which I did not fully appreciate. As an example Turks and Jews had to learn by heart verses like “Oh, you my dear little Jesus”. I was for progress, freedom of thought and openness to youth, but management was not inclined that way. Soon I made contact with Greeks and citizens of the Levant. I tried learning Greek and Turkish and decided to explore the backcountry of Asia Minor as soon as possible. I read the works of Tschihatscheff and Texier played with the idea to take off in local garb, since it was pretty expensive for a European to take off in Kawass (A form of clothing) and with horses. The atmosphere within the German colony was dull and stuffy as you might imagine. Stale European jokes and Levant gossip formed the menu of an evenings conversation in the German club. So I was not seen there very often. On Sundays I often hiked in the neighboring mountains (Jamanla, Iki Kadash) and also Budja Bournabad. From Smyrna I tried to get to Australia. However the German schools there were built on a different basis. Since I did not want to extend my contract I decided to explore the backcountry in the summer of 1913 before it ended. I learned that an engineer (Kischke) was putting together a little caravan to travel to the southwestern part of Asia Minor. We took off in September, 1913. The column was assembled in Aidin. In addition to Kischke and myself there were two Sap-tin (policemen), one dragoman (interpreter), two horse hands or mule skinners and about ten animals in the column. From Aidin we first traveled through the Maeander valley to the Beschparmak mountains. The area had been described to us as so unsafe that we slept with pistol in hand, safety off. Then we moved farther up the valley of the Maeander to Nasillue and into the side valleys. I remember a romantic ride to the Bey of Bozdogan, deep in the mountains of the western Taurus. Past the ruins of towns, on narrow paths, through dried riverbeds and bright mountain woods we passed. We rested in half decayed village houses, under fig trees and shady plantain trees, drank from clear mountain streams and cool cisterns. We ate in Greek taverns and Turkish pubs with simple village elders and high government officials. The solitude and calm of the mountains of Anatolia attracted me mightily. Life in the villages proceeded without haste – the image of the towns was timeless – as they had for hundreds of years the craftsmen plied their trade on the street, veiled women carried the water from marble fountains, heavily loaded burros tripped over the cobblestones. People here stayed unchanged in their food, and their clothes, in their homes and their furnishings, just as things had been for generations. Black buffaloes carried the joke and pulled the primitive wooden plow, today as they had two thousand years ago and the farmer worked with the hand shovel just like the Bible tells us. At noon when the sun had reached its zenith the Muessin climbed up the minaret and called with a clear voice “La illuahu il Allah” over the hot town. “Ulet Hawler getsher” The dog barks but the caravan moves on, as a Turkish saying goes.

We did not have much luck looking for iron ore or for coal. I believe that Kischke was led astray by people who never had been in the interior. In the towns of the Levant there were always people who wanted to make a buck. Without judgment and critical thinking they would listen to any gossip. Dozens of times we arrived at places where ore veins were supposed to be on the surface without our ever seeing even a trace of a deposit. What there was of value had long been in the hands of the English, or English-Levantine firms.

 

When war broke out in the middle of the summer of 1918 I was in Milas on the Sary-tschai. As soon as I got the telegram from the consulate I got on my horse, rode through the night and reached the station at the end of the railroad in Soeke (Sokia) in the Valley of the Maeander. I had to wait a few days in Smyrna before I could get on a steamer to Italy. In Piraeus (Athens) I switched ships and reached Brindisi through Korfu. By the middle of August I was in Munich. On September 10, I was sent off with a group of soldiers to move the equipment, which had been left behind in Lothringen, up to the regiment (Bavarian Infantry King’s Regiment). That was not easy considering how overloaded the railroad was behind the front lines. I managed to find the stuff near Metz, chartered a railroad car and  attached it, filled with everything, to a transport of the 16th Infantry Regiment. We were deep in Belgium when the chief of the transport noted the strange company in the last car. I was scolded but had managed to solve the problem. As we caught up with the regiment two men and I were almost taken captive by the French. A few days later we had the first severe firefight near Vermondovillers on the first of November at Lihons. I received the Iron Cross II for leading a scouting party. We were then at rest first in Peronne, then in Halles near Peronne. Our battalion II I.L.R (King’s Infantry Regiment)  (commander Major Epp) had the task of holding the section between Maricourt and Hardecourt in the winter of 1914/1915. On December 8 the French launched a sudden attack. The fifth company, of which I was a part, had severe losses. In February I was called back from the front by telegram. I was to report to Konstantinople. Before my departure I got engaged to Gertrud Bahr in Hirschberg, Contessastrasse, on  March 6, 1915. I was put in charge of the 8th company of the 58th  Turkish regiment. The company was first stationed in San Stefano. Then we were moved to the Black Sea. The time at the Black Sea was recreation for everybody. The enemy was nowhere in sight. In July the division was moved to the right flank at the bay of Suvla. Later, across the narrows to the virtual entry to the Dardanelles into a position in Kum Kale with the Archanjin battery. We stayed there for three months, the English were relatively quiet. Only occasionally would they shoot at us with heavy caliber guns. The images were impressive, specially at night when the Queen Elizabeth or other heavy ships shot at our positions. Blood red the columns of fire would light up the raven black waves. On moonlit nights or at first dawn I would ride frequently to the ruins of Troy nearby. At the end of December 1915 malaria got a hold of me more seriously and I had to be evacuated.  A rickety destroyer took me across the sea of Marmara  to Constantinople where I was admitted to the German hospital. Kischke was by chance also in Constantinople and accused me behind my back at the military mission of some irrelevant transgression. Never before had I felt and experienced the underhandedness and meanness of people as I did at that time. It was a good lesson for me to be careful in my dealings with people. This is part of the Orient. In the spring of 1916 I traveled back to Germany, arrived in Munich, had a relapse, this time more serious, so that I could return to duty with the replacement battalion only in the fall. Early in January 1917 I was sent to the west to join the Bavarian survey detachment. I was put in charge of a mapping center of an army and that way I reported directly to the 1c (communications officer of the general staff). The work was extremely interesting. You could see all of the activity behind the fighting force. Later I was put in charge of a photogrammatic  group. I could gain insight into a larger section. In the summer of 1917 I was supposed to go to Turkey again. I was told I was to be transferred to Aleppo as a military police officer. These plans, however, broke apart because the rail station of Haidar-Pascha had been blown up and the planned action was abandoned. So I returned to the west. In the winter of 1917/1918 there was a great rush because of the spring offensive of 1918. In Douai I was in the focal point of troop movement for the great spring battle. Unfortunately our penetration of enemy lines at Arras did not succeed. This is not the place for a discussion of the strategic details, but I anticipated the failure. In the fall of 1918 Germany collapsed. On November 9, I was in Mons in Belgium. There were no more orders, so I tried to save a load of valuable survey instruments across the Rhine river. I succeeded. I delivered the whole load to Hannover and took a train to Hirschberg.

 

Already in 1917 I had applied for entry into the high school system at the provincial school authority in Breslau. I was accepted and in January 1919 I was assigned to the high school in Hirschberg as a “Studienreferendar”. In April of 1919 I was transferred to Goerlitz with a steady job and salary. In the fall of 1919, on September 26, I passed the pedagogical exam and became a “Stdienassessor”. One day before that exam we were married in Hirschberg. From that point on I was no longer all by myself. I was responsible for wife and family. In the first years after our marriage we had to live separately because there was no housing. Our parents had given us the top apartment in their house in the Wilhelmstrasse and Gertrud furnished it very lovely. I always found it very hard to leave this comfortable home. From Goerlitz I was transferred to Bunzlau and on June 1, 1920 to Kreuzburg, Upper Silesia, as “Studienrat“. Now I had a solid job. But as yet we could not move. First we had to wait for a referendum and reattachment of the area to the German state. In may of 1921 the Polish rebellion broke out. I participated in the defense of the German interests as leader of the Self Defense Batallion of Kreuzburg. On November 11 of 1921 we could finally start our joint household in Kreuzburg. We received a temporary apartment in the Villa Georgii with three large rooms. In 1922 Mutti had a severe illness. On February 23, 1923, Hansjoerg was born.

It was Inflation time. Thanks to some work on the side, the Self Defense connections and the help from friends we were better off than many others. In Kreuzburg I would go into the town park when I had free time to jog and do some chin-ups on a tree. This way I kept myself in shape and able to perform. On October 18, 1924 Helmut was born. At Christmas, Grandfather (Bahr) came for his last visit. I went to the train station with Hansjoerg. Grandfather died in January 1925. In April of 1925 I was transferred to the high school in Ziegenhals on my request. The first half year we had separate apartments again. Then I could arrange an apartment in Mueller House, which had a beautiful view of the surroundings.

 

Here pages 37 and 38 of the manuscript are missing. The birth of Inge (1927), the purchase of the property and house in Langendorf, restoration of the house, the birth of Karsten (1931) and the move  fall in those years. Also transfer as principal to the Eichendorff high school in Neisse and the death of Hans in 1935.

 

He took our hopes for him with him into his grave. He now rests in Grandfather’s garden in Hirschberg. From April 1934 until he fell ill (of typhoid fever) he took the train to Neisse with me to go to school. As of April, 1935, Helmut is with us every day. The whole family lived through the historic events of 1938 and 1939. Since fall 1938, Grandmother has been with us so that everybody is together. The children are growing and bring ideas and a future into our house.

 

The time which is left for myself after work at school, the party and its organization, I spend on the garden and the property. I believe that neither walking nor exercise keep one’s body as fresh as purposeful work in the fresh air. For me as a farm boy daily activity in the fresh air is one of life’s necessities. The children have gotten so used to Langendorf that they do not want to leave and Mutti is most comfortable here.

 

(My father was  promoted to superintendent of schools in Upper Silesia and transferred to Kattowitz in 1941. He first commuted weekly from Langendorf  to Kattowitz. Later, with a heavy heart, he decided to sell the Langendorf property and in 1944 we moved to Kattowitz. When we fled from the Russian advance in January 1945 my father stayed behind and joined a retreating army unit. He came through Hirschberg in the late summer of 1945 and visited briefly with us.  My father became missing in action in 1945 in Czechoslovakia.)

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Bird List of Antarctica and Torres del Paine http://www.bigair.net/archives/424 http://www.bigair.net/archives/424#respond Thu, 14 Sep 2017 16:31:57 +0000 http://www.bigair.net/?p=424 Karsten A. Rist
18014 S.W. 83rd Court
Miami, Florida 33157
 

Bird List of Antarctica and Torres del Paine
01/09/2005 through 01/22/2005

Lesser Rhea
Andean Condor
Cinerous Harrier
Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle
Southern Crested Caracara
Chimango Caracara
Least Seedsnipe
Austral Parakeet
Fire-eyed Ducon
Austral Negrito
Chilean Swallow
House Wren
Austral Thrush
Grey-hooded Sierra-Finch
Patagonian Sierra-Finch
Long-tailed Meadowlark
Rufous-collared Sparrow
Austral Blackbird
Emperor Penguin
Gentoo Penguin Sanderling
Adelie Penguin
Chinstrap Penguin
White-tufted Grebe
Great Grebe
Wandering Albatros
Cape Petrel
Snow Petrel
Neotropic Cormorant
Rock Shag
Imperial Shag
Black-faced Ibis
Chilean Flamingo
Black-necked Swan
Coscoroba Swan
Upland Goose
Ashy-headed Goose
Torrent Duck
Chiloe Wigeon
Speckled Teal
Yellow-billed Pintail
Red Shoveler
Andean Ruddy Duck
Red-gartered Coot
Southern Lapwing
Snowy Sheathbill
Brown Skua
Kelp Gull
Brown-hooded Gull
Antarctic Tern

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The History of Old Cutler Bay Development. http://www.bigair.net/archives/420 http://www.bigair.net/archives/420#respond Thu, 14 Sep 2017 16:21:27 +0000 http://www.bigair.net/?p=420 Karsten Rist, 12/19/02

The History of Old Cutler Bay Development.

In July of 1987 developer Raul Planas filed a dredge and fill application for a large golf course development east of Old Cutler Road and south of the Burgerking headquarters building. The project, called old Cutler Bay Estates, included plans for a Jack Nicklaus designed golf course and proposed to destroy 197 acres of jurisdictional wetlands adjacent to Biscayne National Park. The Tropical Audubon Society together with all of the other conservation organizations in Dade county opposed the project because of its massive impact on mangrove wetlands on the edge of Biscayne Bay. The bay is part of Biscayne National Park and an Outstanding Florida Water.

On May 10, 1989, the Department of Environmental Regulation (now DEP) rejected the permit application after the Miami Herald published a report detailing intense lobbying for the permits and the massive use of political influence to manipulate the permitting process. The developer responded by requesting an administrative hearing on the matter. Tropical Audubon filed a petition to intervene in support of DER.

In the meantime the central issue of reasonable wetland protection had gained much crisper definition when an EPA biologist (Eric Hughes) and two biologists from the Corps of Engineers (Chuck Schneppel) inspected the site of the proposed development and flagged a “development line” which separated the viable, productive mangrove wetlands to the east from the degraded, Brazilian Pepper covered wetlands to the west. Regional Administrator Greer C. Tidwell (EPA Atlanta) wrote Colonel Herndon in the Jacksonville office of the Corps of Engineers: ”I feel that filling waterward of our “development line” would result in unacceptable adverse environmental impacts and would be contrary to the section 404(b)(1) Guidelines.” On a field trip to Old Cutler Bay Estates members of the Tropical Audubon Society saw the red flags which delineated the development line and resolved to focus their efforts on its defense. The development line appeared to be a practical, fair and reasonable answer to the complex question of wetland protection.

In August of 1989 Raul Planas filed a modified plan for his proposed development. The new plans reduced the impact on wetlands east of the development line to about 21 acres of mangrove. Relieved at the now much reduced impact, DER issued its permit despite the objections of the Tropical Audubon Society and the entire environmental community of Dade County.

There were numerous meetings and consultations between the developer and the Corps of Engineers, the EPA, the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service during the remainder of the year 1989. The developer agreed to reduce the impact on wetlands east of the development line to what he claimed were only 11.5 acres. By the end of 1989 the EPA felt that a great deal of progress had been made and that further resistance would not be cost effective.

There appeared to be a significant discrepancy between the remaining area east of the development line as depicted on the developer’s maps and the same area as shown on maps in the possession of Tropical Audubon. In January of 1990 two board members of Tropical Audubon (Kevin Sarsfield and Karsten Rist) did a rough survey of two points of the development line and identified what appeared to be a significant misrepresentation of the line on the developer’s maps. Tropical Audubon decided to challenge the depiction of the EPA line on the maps of the developer’s engineering firm, Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan. TAS’ findings were submitted to the EPA on January 9, 1990. The result was yet another review of the project. The maps were corrected. The EPA, stung by the developer’s deception, reaffirmed its original opposition to all development east of the development line.

In June of 1990 the Corps sent its notice of intent to issue the permit to the Atlanta office of the EPA. Tropical Audubon coordinated a letter writing campaign covering its own membership, numerous interested citizens and other environmental organizations in Dade County. The EPA requested a higher level review of the permit decision in Washington, a process called “elevation“. This review resulted in a determination that the project purpose (to construct an upscale, residential, championship, Jack Nicklaus designed golf course community in south Dade County) had been defined too narrowly. The permit decision was returned to Jacksonville.

On November 8, 1990 Colonel Malson of the Corps of Engineers in Jacksonville issued a press release announcing that he was prepared to issue the permit. The developer had agreed to reduce the impact on wetlands east of the development line to eight acres. It is noteworthy that the project had now such a high profile that a news release appeared appropriate. The controversy over the Old Cutler bay wetlands had been the subject of news reports, comments and editorials in the Miami Herald more than twenty times.

Tropical Audubon, supported by the entire conservation community of Dade county, made every effort to urge the EPA to veto the permit. The use of its veto power by the EPA is rare. In the then 18-year history of the section 404 wetlands protection program, the EPA had vetoed only eleven projects. On December 3, 1990, Greer C. Tidwell, regional administrator of the EPA in Atlanta, informed the Corps of Engineers that the EPA was ready to initiate veto proceedings. On December 15, 1990, Raul Planas announced that he would redesign the project. He did. The EPA reviewed the new design and determined that it stayed west of the development line. The Corps issued the permit for the redesigned project on December 31, 1990.

Old Cutler Bay Development Corporation went bankrupt in May, 1992. In May of 1993 NEXT Development Corporation (Manny Mato) acquired rights to the property. The engineers were CCL consultants (David Ettman). They applied for a new permit (#198800576 (IP-LS)) on November 29, 1995. In the section Work and Purpose the permit application states: “The applicant proposes to grub and demuck that portion of the site located landward of the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) established construction control line………….”.

Permit 198800576 (IP-DEB) was extended to 2007 on January 14, 2002. The applicant for the permit extension was Craven, Thompson and Associates, Incorporated acting for Shoma Development Corporation. The drawing attachment #3 in the 2002 permit is identical to the drawing on page 2 of 18 in the 1995 application by Old Cutler Estates, Ltd.. The significance of this observation is that the third permit in no way extended the fill line to land east of the EPA line.

In the summer of 2002 land clearing, demucking and fill operations began on the property. Tropical Audubon (TAS) was alerted to what appeared to be wetland destruction east of the EPA line. In order to establish the location of the EPA line TAS filed a request under the Freedom of Information Act with the EPA for a copy of the map which became the basis of the 12/31/1990 permit. The EPA was unable to produce this map but furnished copies of an aerial photograph dated 01/27/1988, which has the EPA line marked on it (EPA aerial). A Freedom of Information Act request to the Corps of Engineers for a map, survey data or a legal description of the fill line in the December, 1990 permit, was submitted on October 22, 2002. This request produced no information relevant to the 2002 permit.

A scaled application of the EPA aerial to a current Craven, Thompson map showing the “Projected limit of fill pad” indicates that Shoma Homes is filling about seven acres of wetlands east of the EPA line. Application of the measurements by Sarsfield and Rist shows the EPA line to be about 185 ft west of the Shoma Homes fill line. This information was submitted to DERM (Department of Environmental Resources Management of Miami-Dade County) by TAS on 10/04/2002 with the request not to grant an extension of the current DERM fill permit #CC87-166B. On 12/09/2002 DERM wrote Shoma Development Corporation: “Given the ongoing compliance problems, which are resulting in continuing unauthorized impacts to mangrove wetlands, the provisional extension period is terminated. In order to continue work in wetlands previously authorized by Permit No. CC87-166B, it will be necessary for you to submit a new complete application. Additionally, you must cease and desist from all further work in wetlands on site until the extent of unauthorized impacts can be further defined.” An appeal by Shoma Homes to the Environmental Quality Control Board (EQCB) was denied at the end of a hearing on 01/09/03. A second appeal by Shoma Homes to the EQCB for a variance (the Old Cutler Bay development does not meet County guidelines for development in wetlands and never did) was denied on February 13, 2003.

The Corps received a copy of the 10/04/2002 letter from TAS to DERM. The Corps responded to this letter on 12/06/2002. In its response the Corps agrees with TAS that “two or three acres” of mangrove wetlands were impacted “which may have conflicted” with the EPA line. The Corps further claims that this work is in substantial compliance with the current permit.

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Recollections of World War II by Carol Byrd Rist http://www.bigair.net/archives/300 http://www.bigair.net/archives/300#comments Wed, 18 Jan 2017 20:08:21 +0000 http://138.197.210.192/?p=300 Recollections of World War II
by Carol Byrd Rist

Fort Lauderdale during World War II was totally involved in the war effort. We felt that the war was on our doorstep, especially when we went to the beach in the evening and saw burning cargo ships and tankers, which had been torpedoed by German subs, floating slowly north in the Gulf Stream. The tops of car headlights were painted black and shades were to be kept down at night to limit the light shining out over the Atlantic which could outline American ships and make them easy targets for German subs. Most of the hotels had been turned into barracks and servicemen (and a few servicewomen) were everywhere. Many of the servicemen came to our church on Sundays, and a call always came from the pulpit for church members to take some of our heroes home for Sunday dinner. My brother, Tom, and I were always begging our mother to take home some sailors. She usually refused and I thought she was heartless. Years later she told me that those sailors were more interested in our big sister, Marilyn, than they were in a family meal.

My dad was too old to be drafted and my
brothers were too young. We had one uncle in the Marines and another in the Navy, but no one actually saw combat. My mother’s cousin, who was a WAC, visited once, and I was enormously proud of her. Tom Manuel, a good friend of my parents, and as old as my dad, volunteered for the Marines. He fought in many big battles in the Pacific.

What is now Ft. Lauderdale Airport was then Ft. Lauderdale Naval Air Station. (The squadron which disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle left from Ft. Lauderdale Naval Air Station). The sound of planes flying over was constant. The swimming pool at the beach became the place where airmen learned how to survive if they ditched in the ocean. They didn’t even close the pool to the public when they trained, and we kids really loved watching them train.

War bonds were a big thing. School children had stamp books and bought stamps every week, or month. When you had bought enough stamps, you got a bond. At the end of the school year, a sailor came to East Side Elementary School with a jeep, and took every kid who had bought a bond for a ride in the jeep.

Everyone was involved in the war effort. Of course we had a victory garden, and my mom was an air spotter. With those German subs just off the coast, no one knew when a German plane would come bomb us. So an air spotting station was built on top of the Sweet Building, the tallest building in town (9 floors). It was manned during daylight hours seven days a week. The spotter recorded every plane that was seen. It was necessary for the spotters to be able to identify all those planes, so a class was held at the high school auditorium where the spotters were taught to recognize all planes, allied and enemy. My brother and I attended the air spotting classes along with our mother and became quite good at identifying the planes. They finally had to tell us not to blurt out the name of planes when they were testing the air spotters. We spent many busy hours identifying and recording every plane we saw, but in case you are wondering, no enemy plane was ever spotted from the top of the Sweet Building.

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Huff Post – Early Voting Numbers Climb In N.C., Mostly the Work of Obama Volunteers http://www.bigair.net/archives/212 http://www.bigair.net/archives/212#respond Sat, 14 Jan 2017 00:13:49 +0000 http://138.197.210.192/?p=212

Carol Rist, an Obama volunteer passing out a Democratic slate, said many people stopped to chat on their way out. “Most people seem happy, and African-Americans seem downright giddy,” she said. “One woman told me she’d gone to her family’s ancestral home, collected soil from the ground where her grandparents had walked, and rubbed a little bit of it on her ballot. She wanted them to share in this experience with her.”

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kelly-nuxoll/early-voting-turnout-numb_b_138130.html?show_comment_id=17303756

Kelly Nuxoll
Posted October 27, 2008 | 10:55 AM (EST)

Early Voting Numbers Climb In N.C., Mostly the Work of Obama Volunteers
stumble digg reddit del.ico.us news trust mixx.com
Read More: Early Voting, Early Voting Obama, Early Votong Democrats, NC Voting, North Carolina, North Carolina Voting, Voting North Carolina, Off The Bus News

 

DURHAM, N.C. — On a drizzly Saturday outside Durham, almost 1300 residents waited for ten to forty-five minutes outside Southwest Elementary School to cast their ballots. Voters came and went leisurely, many making a stop at the polls part of their weekend errands. One woman had jogged over and bounced on the toes of her sneakers while she waited. A number of people brought their kids, either as a civics lesson or simply because school was out.

In a state where residents have been going to the polls since mid-October, the most obvious advantage to early voting is time. Bad weather, the stomach flu, a glitch in the machine–with two weeks to cast ballots, none of these become sufficient reasons to limit votes on election day. In Durham County alone, more than 50,000 people have already voted–a whopping one-third of registered voters. Because North Carolina allows residents who are voting early to register and vote on the same day, the eventual number of voters will likely exceed even projected totals.

Of course, early voting alone doesn’t explain the record numbers of ballots cast in Durham County this year. Like many other factors in this election, Barack Obama seems to be the reason for the turnout–both the candidate and the campaign.

“This is one of the most popular presidential elections ever,” said Chuck, who had voted two days before but was waiting for wife. He was wearing an Obama hat and grinning at voters as they left the polls. “You can feel the electricity.”

Carol Rist, an Obama volunteer passing out a Democratic slate, said many people stopped to chat on their way out. “Most people seem happy, and African-Americans seem downright giddy,” she said. “One woman told me she’d gone to her family’s ancestral home, collected soil from the ground where her grandparents had walked, and rubbed a little bit of it on her ballot. She wanted them to share in this experience with her.”

It’s no secret that Durham is a blue county, and that the overwhelming majority of African-American voters are supporting Obama. But the Obama campaign is also making a concentrated effort to translate that enthusiasm into early ballots.

Canvassers for Obama have been instructed to drive voters immediately to the polls if they are available and show an interest. This weekend and last, at least one campaign office held a neighborhood barbecue and encouraged voters to walk en masse from the grill to the polls. The campaign has flooded TV and radio with public service announcements, reminding the audience that polls are open and they can already vote. A paid “Vote for Change” link with information about early voting pops up first in almost any election-related Google search.

“Early voting has hugely increased the time we can be productively engaging voters,” said Ted Benson, who helps run the Obama office near Southwest Elementary School. Despite the rain, his office was passing out walk lists and granola bars to volunteers. Another half-dozen were on the telephone.

In theory, early voting raises all vote totals, giving people of all political leanings more opportunity to make their voices heard. But two weeks instead of one day to get out the vote, it would seem that the campaign with the ground game–and the cash–to mobilize supporters has the advantage.

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Eagle-eyed Auduboner Keeps Golf Course Off Wetlands, May 1991 http://www.bigair.net/archives/210 http://www.bigair.net/archives/210#respond Sat, 14 Jan 2017 00:10:13 +0000 http://138.197.210.192/?p=210

From the Audubon Activist, May 1991
BY LARRY WIILLIAMS

In November 1988, the Environmental Protection Agency drew a line through a tract of coastal mangroves 15 miles south of Miami. The owner of the land wanted to build a 253-home resort community, the centerpiece of which was to be a “championship” golf course designed by the Golden Bear him-self Jack Nicklaus. The developer was told not to cross east of the line into fragile wetlands. Miami’s Tropical Audubon Society had spent two years fighting the golf course. Inspired by the tireless efforts of Karsten Rist, conservation chair at the time, a legion of Auduboners and other activists had succeeded in halving the acreage of wetlands to be filled for development. Rist and the others saw the line as a reasonable compromise. But by the end of 1989, the developer had declared he needed “only” 8 acres east of the line to make a profit–the additional space was indispensable for the Nicklaus designed course, he said. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers relented and prepared to issue a Section 403 permit for the project. The state and county had caved in earlier, and the EPA stood on the sidelines. Nobody wanted to squabble over a few acres–except Rist.

‘Lo and Behold’

Sitting behind his desk in the office of his modest plastics manufacturing business, surrounded by photographs of wildlife, Rist picks up the story in his gentle German accent. “I had gotten a copy of the developer’s maps and they just did not seem to match the EPA’s description of the development line,” says the 59-year-old former mining engineer. “Kevin Sarsfield, president of Tropical, and I went back to the site with a 100-foot tape measure, located the EPA’s red flags, and marked them off. Lo and behold, the line on the developer’s map was drawn in error.”

Rist notified the EPA of his discovery in February 1990. The agency asked the developer to draw a new map. It showed almost 16 acres of golf course east of the line–enough to renew the EPA’s interest. The project was halted temporarily.

With the issue reopened, Rist redoubled his efforts and whipped up the support of Tropical Audubon members and other local groups. He also worked closely with Larry Thompson, Audubon’s Southeast regional vice-president, and with Audubon’s legal staff in Washington, D. C., to increase pressure at the national level.

When the developer claimed he couldn’t move the project, Rist and members of his conservation committee identified owners of contiguous land who were willing to sell. When the developer argued that his plan was unique, Rist sent the Corps a brochure from an identical community a few miles to the north.

Gradually, the tide was turning. Rist and company kept the pressure on. They were in constant contact with the local media. The Miami Herald reported every turn of events and focused public attention on the mangrove wetlands and their value. Activists wrote letters to the EPA asking that the permit question be considered at the national level. National Audubon Society joined in filing a 60-day notice of intent to sue should a permit be granted.

Finally, last November the EPA regional office in Atlanta announced it would veto the proposed permit. The developer was forced to recognize the EPA’s line. He bought more land west of the line and redesigned the golf course. Although about 50 acres of wetlands will be lost, an equivalent amount will be restored as mitigation. The wetlands east of the line will eventually be turned over to the National Park Service as part of Biscayne National Park, which is adjacent to the area.

A Group Effort

South Florida owes a great debt to Rist for his vigilance. The mangrove wetlands he saved are part of the vanishing Florida swampland vital to the state’s wildlife. Herons, egrets, and ibises nest in mangrove swamps, and the Interior Department has identified some 16 species sport fish that depend on the swamps, as well as 18 species of birds, reptiles, and mammals that are threatened or endangered.

Not one to rest on his accomplishments, Rist has continued to monitor Florida wetland issues. The Corps and the EPA have begun an “advance identification” program along the remaining shoreline of Biscayne National Park. The program will designate wetlands to be protected–sort of an “extension of the old development line, ” says Rist, who will be watching closely.

An Audubon member for 20 years, Rist is always ready for the next conservation challenge. Each one is different, he says. “You have to look at the particular circumstances and find the pressure point, where you can make your case. ”

Above all, “You can’t do it alone. The Sierra Club, the local Wildlife Federation, the Friends of the Everglades, the reporters from the Herald, agency employees, and lots of other people who were sick and tired of seeing our mangroves bulldozed –they all share in this success. ”

Larry Williams is a free-lance writer living in Miami.

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To save Dade’s wild places http://www.bigair.net/archives/208 http://www.bigair.net/archives/208#respond Sat, 14 Jan 2017 00:05:22 +0000 http://138.197.210.192/?p=208

 

THE MIAMI HERALD,
THURSDAY, AUGUST 1, 1991

To save Dade’s wild places
Appointee Carol Rist, seasoned conservationist, sums up her new, unpaid job thus: “I feel as though it’s the most important thing I’ll ever do in this field.” Could be, for Ms. Rist and the other six members of Dade’s just-appointed Land Acquisition Selection Committee, an offshoot of the May 8, 1990 Environmentally Endangered Lands referendum.

Voters approved then a two-year, 0.75mill property tax for the “acquisition, preservation, enhancement, restoration, conservation, and maintenance of environmentally endangered lands for the benefit of present and future generations.”
Well, maybe so. Once Dade was a wild place of upland forests sloping to flooded grassy flatlands and coastal jungles. Everglades and Biscayne National Parks protect some wetlands and coastlines. The oncevast upland forests, have largely been bulldozed for development. The special tax is meant to save what little is left.
A carefully crafted ordinance establishes sound acquisition criteria. These should prevent Metro Commissioners from using the tax to bail out developer pals saddled with undevelopable parcels. Only land with ecologically valued assets and size enough to justify preservation will be considered.
The committee will recommend 20 sites to the commission semi-annually for approval. Some sites are on state-purchase lists. Matching contributions from the state or private sources will be sought.
At least $10 million in tax proceeds will become a trust fund for management plans, such as habitat restoration, written by applicable Metro departments. Management must be as closely monitored as the acquisition process. The Parks and Recreation Department lately seems to think parklands are for economic development, for instance. Not these lands. Ever.
There’s reason for skepticism. The large, valuable ITT property, which the state gave to Metro to manage, is a disgraceful example of willful neglect. That’s not what voters intended for their investment in Dade’s remaining wild places.

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Let Floridians enjoy Birch Park forever by Carol Rist, 12-9-1991 http://www.bigair.net/archives/206 http://www.bigair.net/archives/206#respond Sat, 14 Jan 2017 00:03:29 +0000 http://138.197.210.192/?p=206

 

Carol Rist, 12-9-1991

To The Editor:
Hugh Taylor Birch State Recreational Area in Fort Lauderdale is a treasure for all Floridians. It has enriched my life immensely. In Birch Park I ran in relay races as a Girl Scout, organized relay races as a den mother, saw my first spotted breasted oriole, and discovered what coastal dunes looked like before humans covered the shoreline with buildings. lam grateful to Hugh Taylor Birch for having given his winter home to the people of Florida. He was a truly generous man.
If Mr. Birch was generous to us, he was even more generous to Antioch College in Ohio. He willed his entire estate to Antioch. His Florida property, a small part of his estate, consisted of the property where the Galleria Mall is located, all the residential land around it, and the land between the Bartlett Estate and Granada Street. Antioch chopped down the mangroves, filled in the land, and sold it.
When Mr. Birch deeded his winter home to the people of Florida, he wanted to make sure that it would always be used as a park. He provided that the state should continue to “maintain said property as a State Park … and that in the event said property ceases to be used for the purposes aforesaid and is abandoned by the said Florida Board of Forestry and Parks, its successors and assigns, as a State Park, for any continuous period of one year, title thereto shall revert to and become a part of the corpus of the estate of the grantor herein.”
Antioch University has sued, claiming that Florida has abandoned the property for statepark purposes for more than one continuous year and hasn’t used the property in accordance with Mr. Birch’s intent. The suit asks the court to take this park away from the people of Florida and to give the property to Antioch.
What would Mr. Birch say about Antioch’s grab for more expensive Florida real estate? If he were to visit his former home and see Floridians discovering coastal dunes as they once were, enjoying a cookout under the majestic live oaks, or marveling at the beautiful birds that need this resting spot during their long migrations, he would join the many Floridians who have said to Antioch College:
“This park has never been abandoned by the people of Florida. Save yourself and us the expense of a lawsuit. Drop the lawsuit and instead rejoice with us that nestled among the high rises is a place of peace and beauty that belongs to all.”
CAROL B. RIST
Miami

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It’s Earth Day, so say Thanks! http://www.bigair.net/archives/204 http://www.bigair.net/archives/204#respond Sat, 14 Jan 2017 00:01:26 +0000 http://138.197.210.192/?p=204

Kathleen Krog
EDITORIAL BOARD
Miami Herald, 4/22/99

In the city I call home, Fort Lauderdale, residents can recycle a veritable cornucopia of used consumer goods. Our blue recycling bins, picked up curbside weekly, can hold glass and plastic containers, cans, wax-coated cartons, cardboard (cut up and tied, please) and bundled newspapers.

We now have two large trash carts, one for recyclable Jard waste – also picked up weekly, and another for all that isn’t reusable. We can drop plastic bags at grocery stores, most of which also take Styrofoam trays that held vegetables and meat.

Every so often, Broward County holds a free hazardous-waste drop-off day at its two collection centers for such vile household leftovers as cruddy paint cans, solvents and the like. When the venerable kitchen range kicks, if the appliance-store guys don’t haul it away when they bring the new,one, you can set that curbside for recycling, too.

These same opportunities are available – to one degree or another – throughout South Florida. We almost take recycling for granted now. Thank the followers of the philosophies promoted at annual Earth Days for ‘ this government service, which allows us to feel virtuous once a week. If it hadn’t been for environmentalists’ consistent nagging, state and local governments – and the private sector – would have taken twice as long to get into recycling. As it is, Florida has been at it for just a decade.

And many local initiatives, such as Miami-Dade County’s annual awards to businesses for their recycling efforts, already have fallen by the wayside. Most are victims of budget cuts or waning official interest. It isn’t just the media that suffer from short attention spans. Governments, and many politicians who set their policies, have the same problem.

But not so the Earth Day crowd. It never forgets, and it rarely gives up. From saving tropical rain forests in exotic lands to cleaning up the humblest river in the middle of nowhere, Earth Day people work every day to save our future.

It’s not a glamorous battle for the truly effective fighters. They have to attend endless government meetings that drone on and on, with resolution seldom within sight. Example: Deborah Harrison, now employed by the World Wildlife Fund’s Keys office, began attending South Florida Water Management District meetings on restoring the Everglades in 1985 on behalf of the Keys Wilderness Society office. She still attends. That’s endurance – and commitment.

Many – be they citizen volunteers or paid advocates – put up with open hostility from officials whom they seek to persuade. They are reviled by opposing interests, often patronized by bureaucrats, and frequently dismissed as “tree-hugging” nuts by a disengaged public. Trying I to rescue the world from its present stewards can be thankless work.

Sure, some Earth Day types can be a real pain. They spout off half-cocked” spreading disinformation or emotion-laden opinion rather than factual evidence. They make the job twice as tough for real environmentalists such as Karsten and Carol Rist, most often associated with their long-time involvement in the Audubon Society. Unlike Harrison, who gets paid for her ecological toils, the Rists volunteer.

The couple is a contrast in styles. As chair of Miami-Dade’s Endangered Environmental Lands Committee, she brings a warm, approachabledemeanor that coats a Florida native’s firm, unwavering commitment to the land. He cerebral, technology-oriented. His training as a mining engineer has stood him in good s when analyzing policy proposals.

The public-policy makers who work on behalf of the environment do it for a variety of reasons – sometimes~ it can be chalked up to altruism, sometimes to good politics. One who has done it for both is Harvey Ruvin, long-time Miami-Dade County commissioner and now the county’s Clerk of Courts. His ecological handiwork is all over South Florida. We pump gas safer thanks to Ruvin’s initiative to filter nozzles to capture polluting gas fumes, for example. Today he’s in New York at a United Nations sustainable-development session.

On this Earth Day, it’s not too much to ask to take a moment to pay homage to the folks who labor on this glorious old orb’s behalf. There are many more volunteers, paid advocates and public officials (both elected and appointed) who do as much as the three examples I cited in this space. But believe me, even i those who get paid do it more for the love and the principle than for the money.

The smart ones pick their issues carefully, educate themselves and then step forward to pick up where the Rachel Carsons, the John Muirs and the Marjorys – Carr and Stoneman Douglas – left off. Most never get much recognition, only the personal satisfaction of doing what is right for this Earth’s mostly oblivious occupants. This April day is safer, cleaner and prettier thanks to them. Remember that next time you toss those soda bottles in the recycling bin.

E-mail: kkrog@heraid.com

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